Hardware and Networking Review for final exam

External Communication / Networking Related Terminology-

(1) LAN - Local Area Network

(2) WAN - Wide Area Network

(3) Network - A collection of computers and other intelligent devices, connected together for the purpose of sharing resources.

(4) Network Addressing -The concept or rule, that each device on the network, must have a unique "address" so that the rest of the network can connect and communicate with it.

(5) Network Topology - The pattern in which a Network is physically connected. The most common are Bus, Star or Ring topology.

(6) Open System Interconnect (OSI) Model - The 7 layer model, agreed to as a national and international standard, for networking of computers.

(7) Packets - A packet is the unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the Internet or any other packet-switched network.

(8) Hubs - A physical device which allows the connection of multiple computing devices to a single communication channel. The bandwidth is split between the devices equally in a hub (because there is no smart switching)

(9) Switches - A physical device which allows the connection of multiple devices to a single communication channel. A switch channels communication ONLY to specific devices, so it does not waste bandwidth.

(10) Routers - A physical device designed to do the smart routing of packets and files across a network, according to specific addresses.

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Troubleshooting a Network
1st step:     : Check physical connections to the network.
2nd step:    : Methodically go through and determine if it is a connection issue, a server issue, or a driver issue, then take care of the problem.

Purpose of security for a network

• Getting people access to the resources that they need to do their job.
• Keeping people out who do NOT need access.

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Other Notes;
DNS = Domain Name System
(goal : for internet user to reach a specific website IP address by entering its domain name.)

ICANN = Intenet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
(Responsible for managing and coordinating DNS to ensure that every address is unique.

TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
(The Transmission Control Protocol is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol suite, and is so common that the entire suite is often called TCP/IP.)
 (protocol = method)

IPv4 = (232) = 4.3 billion
IPv6 = (2128) = 3.4 x 10 38
Octet (n) a group of eight people or things in particular.
8 bits = 1 octet  (1 byte)